ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and Planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive Planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of Urban Planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in Urban Planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and Planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the Planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in Urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and Planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and Planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory Urban Planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and Planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and Urban Planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and Urban Planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in Urban Planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of Urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to Urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to Urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the Urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing Urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and Planning. Concerning the impact of access to Urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to Urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing Planning. Access to Urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of Urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of Urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to Urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of Urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Contexualism, as an approach in Urban Planning, holds that the Urban elements are not valued in themselves, and should be apprehended, processed, and constructed in its total context and historical setting. This approach moved beyond the physical aspects of elements in their context, and throughout humanistic approach, the relevant studies developed into socio-cultural areas. The contexualists should recognise the Urban elements and ideas, to apply them into the processes of Urban Planning. Involving in these processes, this study reconstructed three major contexts out of a literature review:1) Physical Context deals with the existing elements of Urban form.2) Historical Context concerns the historic order of the Urban elements for inspiration.3) Socio-cultural Context referred to the shared important norms and values of the society as well as the meanings embodied in the elements of Urban forms.Focusing on these 3 different contexts produced different interpretations on contexualism. This study is an attempt to address the terminology, theoretical assumptions, principles and design processes of the attitudes and to raise an accent over their applications within the contemporary Urban Planning.

There exist some challenges between traditional Urban Planning and modern one during last decades. Imbalanced Urban growth, lack of Urban spatial organization, vacant lands around the cities, disproportionate per capita of land, improper Urban population density, lack of coordination, low neighborhood’s security, increasing Urban transportation costs and uneconomic nature of some of Urban-infrastructures are being considered as most prominent Urban problems. This in turn, requires the investigation regarding traditional Urban Planning as well as modern one in order to fully rehabilitate Iran-Islamic Urban Planning.The major objective of this study is to investigate as well as to analyze Yazd’s Urban Planning patterns, with emphasis upon traditional patterns toward indigenous modern Urban pattern corresponding with Iranian-Islamic culture.As a matter of fact modern Urban Planning is based on traditional Urban Planning. This fact has been ignored in modern Yazd’s Planning.This in turn, has led to high energy consumption level, environmental pollution, lack of social coherences, lack of Urban security as well as lack of identity in Urban spaces. The research method of this study is based on descriptive-analytical and survey approaches. In addition, Holder’s model and quarter distribution will be applied. This study suggests that, modern Urban Planning not only is not against with traditional ones but also, they possess complementary nature toward indigeneuity and sustainability. In order to ameliorate Urban problems, we have to stress on Iranian-Islamic structures.This enhances the cultural legacies as well as environmental standards.

The main objective of this paper is to introduce core Planning as a form of applied Planning for Urban managers. It also aims to emphasize that Urban development planners should choose a series of core programs within framework of a systematic strategic thinking for every aspect of sustainable Urban development in order to realize this kind of development. Sustainable development consists of economic efficiency, social equality, ecological sustainability and a new form of governance which will encourage social participation of all stakeholders in the society in the decision-making process. Planning is a sort of innovation in management system which is meant for informed regulation of economic relations in order to avoid arbitrary management of the Urban affairs. It also aims to realize those goals which will help humans to achieve an optimal level of material or spiritual welfare. Since comprehensive development Planning has been practically unsuccessful, because all problems cannot be solved in a given period of time, instead of focusing on comprehensive development Planning, core Planning is strongly advised. Core Planning is the main axis of development and is based on guiding nuclei as well as executive programs. This form of Planning is advised for the achievement of sustainable Urban development. In view of the development outlook envisaged for Tehran and the need for a more comprehensive and strategic approach based on core Planning, key nuclei in various areas of sustainable Urban development should be defined first and relevant executive programs should be drawn up. In other words, this paper underlines the need for choosing core programs according to both “subject” (like a special program for the empowerment of the poor in Tehran) and “location” (such as selecting Milad Tower as a tourism nucleus and turning it into an Urban brand and a national symbol so that jobs and revenue can be created by introducing it at international level through selling its tourist products such as logos…) to achieve the proposed outlook of Urban development for Tehran.

Since crime is committed in a particular space, place-related factors can play roles in creating the potential crimes to be committed. Therefore, the issue of environmental prevention through Planning and environmental design can lead to decrease of crime and offence problems in Urban places. While, individual criminals found less opportunity to do offensive behavior in places that are planned and design by this purpose, it is possible to prevent criminal act in Urban places and spaces by reducing the encouraging conditions to commit crimes in Urban spaces. The relationship between environ- mental and site-specific characteristics of the affected locations were considered so that the role of these characteristics in crime can be determined in the formulation of prevention programs and the creation of safe Urban spaces. In tum, these achievements can be applied in compiling codes of Urban Planning and design. The approach of the study was based on the scientific research method- ology of R. Quivy and LV. Comenhoudt introduced in their book "Manual de Recherché en Science Socials". Hypotheses and indicators were com- piled from observations and comparat1ve analyses of those Urban spaces that are most often the sites of crime. The data provided the basis for strategic recommendations regarding Urban Planning and environmental design aimed at preventing crime. The theoretical background of this issue can be traced to Urban Ecology studies, which have pro­ vided a scientific framework for recognizing reciprocal relations between humans and their environment. In 1971, following publication of the article "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" by C.R. Jeffery, an important turning point came about in studying social abnormalities and crimes. Prior to this article, the dominant viewpoint in criminology was the study of crime itself. However Jeffery's ideas led to the consideration of CPTED as a methodology that could be implemented by Urban planners, designers, and architects. In this framework, suitable and objective design in human­ built environment would reduce the feeling of insecurity in places by removing opportunities for crime, and thus improving the quality of life of cityresi­ dents and visitors. This approach was furthered by other authors, such as Elizabeth Wood, S. Angel, Oscar Newman, Alice Coleman, J. Wilson, and D. Hillier. According to the findings of this study (in the twelve sampled space city of Tehran), the paradigms of environmental Planning can be nomi­nated as the "invisible hand" of Urban Planning and design that can play an important role in the provi­sion of safety and in preventing crime and other forms of social degradation. The results of this study were lead to introduce and establish new regulations for Urban planners in High Committee on Architecture and Urban Planning (Ministry of Housing and Urban Development). By the way, this article is a part of a research program in 2006 that was entitled as "Compiling Environmental Codes to Prevent Criminal Action in Urban Spaces", carried out in conjunction with the Iranian Center for Architecture and Urban Studies and Research, according to the recommendation of the High Council of Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning.

In this article, first with definition of the deconstruction, tried try to examine its view to city and Urban Planning. Deconstruction is realized as text interpretational theory that is the purpose text analysis and is included out of reach of basic knowledge in of philosophy, linguistics, littoral theory and believes in Urban Planning to diversity of cities. Speaking about them according to personals and groups views in city and quality of city life circumstance, is a kind of deconstructed hierarchical relations between different land use activities and different land use careers in Urban Planning. It is attended to diversity in land there use patterns and there is not on offered or ordered method about it.

The evolving of city sociaties from smaller cities to larger ones has brought about some transformations in the such a way that it can be said that this trend has changed .the socital and cultural characteristics of these societies along with economic, political, environmental, and physical variables. In fact, in order to meet modern needs and consider the future generations’ share in resources, we should define and design a wise management of cities based on participatory Urbanization and conscious participation of citizens. The presence of citizens in decision making and their closeness to authorities and , experts as well as ful filling their needs and wants respective of life condititions and social and economic features will be attainable through participatory Urbanizations is not more than a deceiving , superficial manifestation and, at best , amounts to information and consultation offerings. However, numerous activities done or being done such as vicinity council elections, attention to NGOs, etc reflect a promising future so as to devise theoretical foundations for the participation of citizens in cities and identify factors establishing the oarticipation, of citizens. This study aims at investigatingparticipatory Urbanization, participation and the role of people in city Planning taking in to account the realities. At hand, as well as offering suggestions for the aims and favorable measures in order to establish participation. The main aims of this piece of research is to study participatory Urbanization and the place of people in city Planning in distric 6 of Isfahan. The methodology of the present study is descriptive – analytic, and the data were collected through action research, document analysis and libray research using questionnaire and interviews with experts and citizens. The collected data were then combined and compared with other research done and the results were utilized to provide and offer recommendations for the betterment and improvement of citizen participation in Plannings of this study imply that making use of citizens’ views and comments via forming NGO and the promation of citizens participation through mass media can help us to reach this important goal.